Using the Snowflake Method to Write a Novel

Using the Snowflake Method to Write a Novel Using the Snowflake Method to Write a Novel In the annals of ‘unhelpful writing tips offered to first-time novelists,’ Neil Gaiman’s oft-quoted opinion takes the cake: â€Å"You sit down at the keyboard and you put one word after another until it’s done. It's that easy, and that hard.†If you’ve never written a novel before (and you don’t have an MFA in creative writing), it's only understandable that you’re daunted by the prospect of writing a book. This uncertainty is precisely why outlining systems, such as The Snowflake Method, are so appealing to developing writers.If you want to find out how to use the snowflake method, feel free to skip ahead to this section. But if you have a moment, let’s first look at the basics of this popular approach.What is the Snowflake Method?The Snowflake Method is an approach to writing that encourages starting with the simplest premise possible. From there, you systematically expand it to include plot and character details. Develop ed by American author, physicist, and writing coach Randy Ingermanson, the method's end result is a comprehensive character bible and scene list with which an author can begin the first draft.â€Å"My power flurries through the air into the ground. My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around† -   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Let It Go† from  Disney’s FrozenGiven Ingermanson’s background as a computational physicist, it should come as no surprise that his method was inspired by a mathematical principle known as a fractal. In particular, he references the Koch Snowflake to demonstrate how your story grows with each subsequent stage of the planning process.It's probably no surprise to you to learn that every writer uses a different outline. If you're curious about the general outlining process, we dive deeper into the topic in this post  on how to outline a novel. (Feel free to grab the free book outline template in there as well!) But for now, let's talk about the ad vantages of this particular method.What are the benefits of the snowflake method?Fans of Ingermanson’s method tend to enjoy how structured the process is. Not only does he lay out practical steps for outlining, but he also gives an idea of how long each step should take. For example, he suggests spending an hour on the very first step of honing a single-sentence story summary. Later on, when writing a character bible, he recommends spending a few hours on each character.Has the snowflake method worked for you before? Let us know how you find applying this to your own writing in the comments below!

French Indefinite Relative Pronouns

French Indefinite Relative Pronouns Just as in English, a relative pronoun links a relative clause to a main clause. This is true for both relative pronouns and indefinite relative pronouns. The difference is that regular relative pronouns have a specific antecedent, but indefinite relative pronouns do not. If you dont understand relative pronouns, I highly recommend that you go back to that lesson before studying this one. There are four* French indefinite relative pronouns; each form is used only in a particular structure, as summarized here. Note that theres no one-to-one equivalent for these words - depending on context, the English translation may be what or which: Subject ce qui   what Direct object ce que/qu   what Object of de** ce dont  Ã‚  which, what Object of a preposition** quoi  Ã‚  which, what *Theres a fifth indefinite relative pronoun, quiconque, but it is rare and complicated, so I address it in a separate lesson. **Remember that French verbs often require different prepositions than English verbs, so you really need to be careful with ce dont and quoi - its not always obvious which one is correct. When there is no preposition, of course, you use ce que. Note that when the pronoun tout is used with indefinite relative pronouns, it changes the meaning to everything or all. Ce qui serves as the subject of a relative clause and takes the il form of the verb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce qui mintà ©resse, cest la langue.What interests me is language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu ce qui lui plaà ®t?Do you know what pleases him?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce qui me dà ©range.Thats what bothers me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout ce qui  brille nest pas or.All that glitters is not gold. Ce que is used as the indefinite direct object in a relative clause.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce que je veux, cest à ªtre trilingue.What I want is to be trilingual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu ce que Pierre a fait ?Do you know what Pierre did?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce que je dà ©teste.Thats what I hate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout ce quil à ©crit est amusant.Everything he writes is funny. Ce dont is used as the object of the preposition de.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce dont jai besoin, cest un bon dico.What I need is a good dictionary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu ce dont Luc parle ?Do you know what Pierre is talking about?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce dont je me souviens.Thats what I remember.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai tout ce dont jai envie.I have everything I want. Quoi is the object of any preposition except de.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sais-tu quoi il pense ?Do you know what hes thinking about?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai à ©tudià ©, aprà ¨s quoi jai lu.I studied, after which I read.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Avec quoi à ©crit-il ?What is he writing with?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ce quoi je mattends, cest une invitation.***What Im waiting for is an invitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest ce quoi Chantal rà ªve.***Thats what Chantal dreams about. ***When quoi is at the beginning of a clause or follows cest, the word ce is placed in front of it (ce quoi).

Levendary Cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Levendary Cafe - Essay Example Mia Foster is the current C.E.O of the Levendary Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. She has had a decorated past with experiences in being the president of the U.S business of a large American fast food company for about seven years. The first reason was that the company domestic business was almost tapping out even though the brand still remained strong and easily recognized. The second and most important reason that concerned Mia Foster was the fact that she did not have adequate previous experience in international management. This second factor led to investors being skeptical of her own ability to successfully manage a now global brand.Louis Chen is the cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s China Vice President. The cafà © heavily relies on her expertise, judgment and knowledge of the Chinese market to effectively penetrate and establish itself in the emerging but lucrative Chinese market. The company opted to forgo the idea of entering the market as a joint venture with an established Chinese domestic restaurant an d opted to instead exploit and use Louis Chen’s experience and attributes so as to replicate and be as successful as the company would have been recorded with a joint venture strategy. Louis Chen’s main concerns are in the company’s expansion and connection since there was no particular strategic plan at all. Chen was also concerned about how differentiation of the Levendary brand would pan out in the new market with consumers trying to see how this new foreign brand differs from their own domestic brands.

Adviertisment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adviertisment - Essay Example Rumors may tarnish the quality of a product, but adverts will tend to assure that the product is good. Whether pitching or promoting products and services, all businesses need to make advertisements in order to make connections with their current and prospective customers. Small scale businesses face challenges in making choices on whether to spend their small advertising budgets on television or posters. Print adverts often come with lower sticker prices than the television adverts. TV adverts are strong and have a variety of advantages that the posters lack. Making adverts over the television is more effective than the posters because it reaches out to customers over a wide area at the same time. This survey product on 20th of April 2014 and was given to ilac students , teacher who were in pre-degree iii classes on 8th of April 2014.there were 26persons received this survey however all that people who answered were asked to be anonymous, only there ages and countries can be recorded. Because ilac is an international language school, all of people who answered that surveys covered a particular age from 17-40 years old, include 11 different countries these anonymous were given survey with 10 questions about advertisement. Six of the respondents from Ilac, Russia and two from Asia said advertisements are meant to increase sales in a business. Increasing the sales result in an increase in the profits of a business. But making more sales is not the only use of making. Advertisements can be used as a way of introducing services and products in the market. Through adverts, people who get access to them will learn about the new product without necessarily having to buy them. Adverts can also be used to impress and motivate different trade channels. Making an advertisement about a product may change the perception of how people or consumers think concerning the product. Rumors may tarnish the quality of a product, but

Reading Response to a Poem Essay Example for Free

Reading Response to a Poem Essay The poem â€Å"Wild Geese† by Mary Oliver was a very inspirational poem. Oliver creatively uses imaginative language, emotion, symbolism, and romanticism which led to a very positive and upbeat tone in her poem. Throughout this poem, the one thing that I focused on was the positive and upbeat tones that this poem contained. By her use of symbolic and imaginative language in â€Å"Wild Geese†, the reader is opened to Mary Oliver’s underlying meaning behind her literary prose. Furthermore, the calm romantic tone of this thought provoking poem, raises positive emotions to rise up out of the moment, and invites us to further take a look at ourselves. Mary Oliver immediately engages the reader into considering the true meaning behind her choice of words. In lines one through five, the reader can envision being in a very noble place where rules are always followed. Mary Oliver (1986) noted that, â€Å"You do not have to be good. You do not have to walk on your knees for a hundred miles through the desert, repenting. You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves† I believe that she is saying that you do not have to follow the rules of society by bowing down to others or to repent for being who you are. Oliver used the symbol of an animal, you should do what you love to do and not worry about having to say you are sorry. With that being said, animals never have to apologize for being who God or the Creator made them to be. In lines six and seven, she again uses emotion and romanticism to bring out the feeling of her readers. Oliver (1986) noted that, â€Å"Tell me about despair, yours, and I will tell you mine. Meanwhile the world goes on†. She cleverly shows that we all have problems and yet the world will still go on. God or the Creator never promised us an easy life. In lines eight through eleven, Oliver uses the symbols of nature once again to show us that life is still going on no matter what problems we face. Oliver (1986) noted that, Meanwhile the sun and the clear pebbles of the rain are moving across the landscapes, over the prairies and the deep trees,   the mountains and the rivers. She uses the emotional state of the reader along with the quiet romantic tones to show that although you will go through trying times in life, it will not last forever. She uses the symbolism of the wild geese, in lines twelve and thirteen, to show that we will always be guided to our destinations. All we have to do is allow our natural instincts to guide us just as the wild geese are guided home by natural instinct. In lines fourteen through fifteen, Oliver uses emotion and imaginative language to let the reader know that no matter who you are, or how lonely you feel, the world is for you to design it. The reader needs to use his/ her imagination. If you can dream it, you can achieve it. She again uses the symbolic nature of the wild geese to illustrate this concept. Last but not least, in lines sixteen through eighteen, she again uses imaginative language to challenge the reader to not conform to the world. The reader can use their imagination to break free from their conventional life styles and to join their place in the family of nature. In nature, there are no rules, but the ones that you create, where you are free to be as the â€Å"Wild Geese†. In conclusion, I found the poem â€Å"Wild Geese† by Mary Oliver extremely inspirational. She creatively uses imaginative language, emotion, symbolism, and romanticism to convey a very positive and upbeat tone in her poem. Throughout this poem, the one thing that I continuously focused on was the positive and upbeat tones that this poem contains. This is a very inspirational and uplifting poem. It encourages us to go beyond the plan that is laid out for us by society and lends us permission to be who we were destined to be. Throughout this entire poem, we are given permission to shake off all of life’s discretions, throw caution to the wind, and be as wild and free as nature intended us to be. References Clugston, W. R. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Controlling Thought: War Propaganda in Nazi Germany and Contemporary A

Controlling Thought: War Propaganda in Nazi Germany and Contemporary America The parallels between the propaganda tactics of contemporary America and Nazi Germany are too obvious to go undocumented. For the purposes of this paper, â€Å"propaganda† will be understood as any attempt of a government to control and/or change the attitudes of its citizens. From this liberal definition, I will analyze the relationship between Nazi Germany and contemporary America with respect to various methods of propagating government interests. As suggested by Hermann Goering, Minister of Economics and Commander-in-chief of the air force of Nazi Germany, the successful propaganda techniques will be compared with respect to denunciation of the peacemakers, glorification of patriotism, and instillation of fear. Also, deemphasizing the significance of the international community, glorifying military might, creating detention centers for the blamed, and devaluing the loss of life will be explained through the lens of propaganda. All of these methods were suc cessful in gaining wide-spread public support for aggressive military action in Nazi Germany and are successful also in contemporary America. There is a formula for effective war propaganda. Both the Nazi party and the Bush administration used and do use the same, successful, war propaganda techniques. Hitler did not start out as a successful propagandist. He admits to his early failures of effectively publicizing Nazi ideals in a favorable light. However, he did notice the advantages of successful propaganda early on. â€Å"Ever since I have been scrutinizing political events, I have taken a tremendous interest in propagandist activity.†[1] After learning about politi... ...ley, Lenoard. The Reich Marshal, A Biography of Hermann Goering. Doubleday & Company Inc., New York, 1974. Over, R.J. Goering The Iron Man. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1984. Office of the Press Secretary. â€Å"Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 3† The White House homepage. March 12, 2003. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/03/20020312-5.html Shore, Zachary. What Hitler Knew. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Hitler, Mein Kampf, Vol. 1, Chapter 6 [2] Hitler, Mein Kampf, Vol. 1, Chapter 6 [3] G.M. Gilbert, Nuremberg Diaries. [4] Office of the Press Secretary News Release [5] Overy, p231. [6] Hitler, Vol. 1, Chapter 6 [7] Shore, p85. [8] Churchill, p55. [9] Langer. [10] Lichtblau [11] Lichtblau Controlling Thought: War Propaganda in Nazi Germany and Contemporary A Controlling Thought: War Propaganda in Nazi Germany and Contemporary America The parallels between the propaganda tactics of contemporary America and Nazi Germany are too obvious to go undocumented. For the purposes of this paper, â€Å"propaganda† will be understood as any attempt of a government to control and/or change the attitudes of its citizens. From this liberal definition, I will analyze the relationship between Nazi Germany and contemporary America with respect to various methods of propagating government interests. As suggested by Hermann Goering, Minister of Economics and Commander-in-chief of the air force of Nazi Germany, the successful propaganda techniques will be compared with respect to denunciation of the peacemakers, glorification of patriotism, and instillation of fear. Also, deemphasizing the significance of the international community, glorifying military might, creating detention centers for the blamed, and devaluing the loss of life will be explained through the lens of propaganda. All of these methods were suc cessful in gaining wide-spread public support for aggressive military action in Nazi Germany and are successful also in contemporary America. There is a formula for effective war propaganda. Both the Nazi party and the Bush administration used and do use the same, successful, war propaganda techniques. Hitler did not start out as a successful propagandist. He admits to his early failures of effectively publicizing Nazi ideals in a favorable light. However, he did notice the advantages of successful propaganda early on. â€Å"Ever since I have been scrutinizing political events, I have taken a tremendous interest in propagandist activity.†[1] After learning about politi... ...ley, Lenoard. The Reich Marshal, A Biography of Hermann Goering. Doubleday & Company Inc., New York, 1974. Over, R.J. Goering The Iron Man. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1984. Office of the Press Secretary. â€Å"Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 3† The White House homepage. March 12, 2003. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/03/20020312-5.html Shore, Zachary. What Hitler Knew. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Hitler, Mein Kampf, Vol. 1, Chapter 6 [2] Hitler, Mein Kampf, Vol. 1, Chapter 6 [3] G.M. Gilbert, Nuremberg Diaries. [4] Office of the Press Secretary News Release [5] Overy, p231. [6] Hitler, Vol. 1, Chapter 6 [7] Shore, p85. [8] Churchill, p55. [9] Langer. [10] Lichtblau [11] Lichtblau

Case Study of the Spanish Retail Chain Zara

The Spanish retail chain, Zara, owned by Inditex is a retailer that has been so successful in our world of globalization and new technologies today by simply adopting a new approach in the industry. With their simple business model of speed, flexibility, and high fashion, Zara has the competitive advantage to be sustainable. Zara was founded by Amancio Ortega Gaona (Ortega), in 1975 and went on to become the flagship brand of the holding company, Industria de Diseno Textil, SA, popularly called Inditex, which was founded in 1979. As of 2002, Inditex operated six separate chains, that being, Zara, Massimo Dutti, Pull & Bear, Bershka, Stradivarius, and Oysho. However, each chain operates independently and is responsible for its own strategy, product design, sourcing and manufacturing, distribution, image, personnel, and financial results. Zara, which contributes around 80 per cent of group sales (Grant 2005, p. 398), is by far the largest, most profitable, and most internationalized of the chains. Its stores can now be found in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. With year-on-year sales increasing at around 25% over the last 5 years, it has become one of the world’s fastest growing retailers (University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing). Discussion The global apparel market is a consumer-driven industry (Criag, Jones & Nieto, 2004) in which profits derived from â€Å"unique combinations of high-value research, design, sales, marketing, and financial services that allow retailers, branded marketers, and branded manufacturers to act as strategic brokers in linking overseas factories†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ with markets (Collins 2003, p. 44). Zara's business model can be broken down into three basic components: concept, capabilities, and value drivers. Zara's fundamental concept is to maintain design, production, and distribution processes that will enable Zara to respond quickly to shifts in consumer demands and tastes. The main business tactics of the company in context of its business model is:- (i) Short lead time: More fashionable clothes and embracing quick changing customer's tastes. (ii) Decentralized Management: Taking advantage of the intelligence and trust the judgment of employees. (iii) Lower quantities: Inventory will be formidable burden in perishable products. (iv) More styles: Providing more choices for customers and more chances of meeting the customers taste. At the heart of Zara's success is a vertically integrated business model spanning design, just-in-time production, marketing and sales. The distinctive vertical integration feature of Zara’s business model, has allowed the company to successfully develop a strong merchandising strategy. This strategy has led Zara to create a climate of scarcity and opportunity as well as a fast-fashion system. Currently, H&M is Inditex’s major competitor. Swedish retailer H&M has been growing at an average rate of 20% annually in the past two decades. These two European retailers are known for their ‘fast fashion’ had unique business models and growth strategies which have enabled them to expand quickly and successfully beyond their own borders. With the European markets becoming saturated, Both companies are expanding outside Europe and establish their hegemony in the world market. Yet what is it that distinguishes Zara from H&M and its other competitors? In its process of expanding globally, Zara, unlike its competitors such as Gap, Benetton, and H&M, does not use cheap Asian outsourcing. Eighty percent of Zara’s materials are manufactured in Europe, with fifty percent made in Zara controlled facilities in the Galicia region of Spain near headquarters. Though the cost of production in Spain more expensive compared to Asia, Zara still manages to maintain competitive advantage over its competitors in regards to operations. Zara maintains local strategic partnerships with manufacturers and suppliers in Europe and this proximity gives Zara great flexibility in adapting their product lines based on up to date market trends and consumer behaviour while decreasing costs of holding inventory. This proximity effect and the flexibility give Zara its competitive edge in comparison to their peers. However, the business strategies adopted by Zara, does have its setbacks to Zara’s success. The vertical integration concept often leads to the inability to acquire economies of scale, which means Zara cannot gain the advantages of producing large quantities of goods for a discounted rate which leads to higher costs being incurred as they have to set a higher pricing of Zara products outside of Europe in order to cover supply costs. Zara has not invested in distribution facilities to support their global expansion. As a result, despite being able to quickly supply their stores at present, they may not be able to supply to a larger number of retail locations due to their â€Å"centralized logistic† model. Even though Zara has been successful at scaling up its distribution system, the centralized logistics system might eventually be subject to diseconomies of scale as Zara continues to open stores all around the world and ships product from its single Distribution Center in Europe. This system may work well with the current number of stores because majority of the stores are centralised in Europe. However, Zara won’t be benefiting from short lead times and low operational cost with a single central Distribution Center model in terms of globalisation and branching out into other countries. Conclusion To successfully expand globally, Zara should focus on one country at a time. Our team concludes that Zara’s current focus should be international expansion in a country that has an open trade market with well formed trade regulations as this provides a safer business environment. During the globalization process, Zara should maintain short lead time, quick inventory turnover, leading fashion brand and low advertising cost as its competitive advantage. As a result of their product cycle, Zara gives their customers the feeling of scarcity because new items are presented weekly and are often not restocked, and this encourages customers to come to the stores and buy frequently. As such, Zara invests more in their store layouts as compared to marketing. Their cost advantage and ability to maintain brand recognition and customer loyalty along with other factors such as regional distribution center, vertical integration, outsourcing and eye-catching window displays are essential elements for Zara to build value in the company and to continue to re-invent and innovate themselves to stay fresh in the apparel industry.

Ap Psych Journal

Psychology Journals These journals should be written in essay form, and they will be graded as an AP essay. These journals may require you to integrate different content areas and to evaluate and analyze psychological constructs. You are to use analytical and organizational skills to formulate cogent answers. Consult your calendar for due dates. Chapter 1: The study of Psychology has had many contributions in history. Explain the contribution of functionalism and structuralism in psychology. How are these two forms different? Chapter 2: Control is often called the hallmark of a good experiment.Describe randomization, group matching, counterbalancing, placebo, and double blind as control techniques. Briefly develop an example of the way each could be used or has been used in an experiment. Chapter 19: We conducted a variation of Asch’s (1951) conformity study in which participants made judgments about the length of lines. We randomly assigned participants to one of two conditions and told them tha t the study involved perceptual abilities. In the first condition, participants estimated the length of lines after hearing five people pretending to be participants (confederates) give inaccurate estimates.In the second condition, participants estimated the length of lines without hearing estimates of confederates. As we expected, participants in the first condition were less accurate in their estimates of line length, demonstrating the tendency to conform to majority influence.A) How would each element below be related to the specific content of the experiment reported in the abstract?Control groupDeceptionOperational definition of the dependent variableHypothesisDebriefingB) How might participants’ estimates of line length in the study be related to the following? Social Facilitation *Group thinkChapter 3: The human organism displays various reactions that are characterized by opposing tendencies. Using a specific physiological or psychological mechanism to explain how bot h aspects of opposing processes apply to each of the following.AppetiteAutonomic nervous systemNerve FiringChapter 4: Define the following termsSchemaAssimilationAccommodationEgocentrismConservationDescribe how each of the above terms applies to Piaget’s Cognitive development theory.Chapter 5: The Smith-Garcia’s are planning for their first baby.Both parents-to-be have had a psychology course and are looking forward to applying the principles they learned from theories and research that address child development. A) Summarize one main idea or finding of each of the following four researchers.Harlow’s theoryErikson’s Psycho-social theoryAinsworth’s attachment researchBaumrind’s research on parenting stylesB) Provide a specific example of actions the Smith-Garcia’s might take to raise their child to produce positive outcomes using each of the theories below to address the corresponding psychological concept.Harlow’s: social adjus tment Erikson’s psychosocial theory: independentAinsworth’s attachment research: self-relianceBaumrind’s research on parenting styles: self-esteemChapter 6: : Define the following: -Sound localization -Sensory adaptation -Absolute threshold -Difference of threshold Explain how the following help an individual perceive the world.Chapter 7: Describe the psychological concept of expectancy or set. Discuss a specific example of how expectancy or set affects each of the following. Human Perception Opponent Processing theory The effects of psychoactive drugs on a human Object permanenceChapter 8: Compare and contrast Freudian theory on dreams, and activation synthesis theory in interpreting dreams.Chapter 9: 5 year old Jessie is used to getting everything that she wants. Define the following terms and explain how each of the following terms were either used to create this behavior or could be used to extinguish her behavior. *positive reinforcement *negative reinforce ment *punishment *classical conditioningChapter 10: Although you genuinely enjoyed studying hard for your Psychology test, during the test you feel frustrated and irritable because you can’t recall the answer to a series of fairly easy factual questions. What techniques could you use to effectively remember the information previously learned?Chapter 11: Describe several heuristics that you might use or that you have used when deciding whether you should (a) study especially hard for a test, and (b) ask someone for a date or accept a date. Under what circumstances are these heuristics likely to contribute to poor decision-making? (3 for each, total of 6 different problem solving strategies).Chapter 12: Based on the research of Gardner and Klein: answer the following in detail. Must be in essay form with arguments and evidence. What do you think the goal of intelligence testing should be in Education?Does acknowledging the existence of Multiple Intelligence help or hinder that goal? Explain.Chapter 13: Define drive reduction theory, set point, Yerkes-Dodson law, hypothalamus, and intrinsic motivation. Explain how each of the following could lead to an eating disorder.Chapter 15: Explain how Jung, Adler, and Horney modified Freud’s psychodynamic theory on personality.Chapter 16: A classmate argues that â€Å"the best way to handle stress is to work harder and meet life’s challenges head on. Evaluate both the strengths and weaknesses of you classmate’s position. (Think Seyle and the coping strategies)Chapter 17: A student becomes overwhelmed with anxiety when he is faced with major exams. How might the different viewpoints of psychology explain this reaction? -Psychodynamic -Cognitive -Behaviorist -Biological -HumanisticChapter 18: Describe how a therapist might use both aversive conditioning and operant conditioning techniques in order to help a client overcome a compulsive habit of sweeping the front walkway 3 times a day.

Tiny Tim Essays

Tiny Tim Essays Tiny Tim Paper Tiny Tim Paper In this paragraph I will focus on the character of Scrooge how he starts to realise his social responsibility. Dickens made Scrooge the main character to represent all the rich people in London, so if he could change Scrooge, he thought he could change all the rich people in London, and to help the poor. At the beginning of the novel Scrooge can be described as:- A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching old sinner. This range of adjectives show what a man Scrooge was. Also this simile shows what Scrooge was like: Hard sharp as a flint. His views on Christmas and on giving money to the poor are very negative. When the members of a charity come to collect money, Scrooge uses humour to express his views:- Everyone who likes Christmas should be buried with a stake of holly through their heart, and should be boiled with their Christmas pudding. This shows what Scrooge thinks of Christmas. Visits from the ghosts help Scrooge realise his social responsibility by showing him what will happen in the future, if he does not change his ways. The ghost of Christmas past takes Scrooge back into episodes from his past life to show him his mistakes. When Scrooge was a boy he was very lonely and he was always by himself, then later Scrooge says:- Nothing, there was a boy singing a Christmas Carol at my door last night. I should have given him something. This shows that Scrooge is thinking of that boy as himself and knows what it is like to be lonely, and regrets not giving him something. Also Scrooges sister, Fran was very kind to him, and rescued him at Christmas, then when the spirit asks him if he has any relatives he replies:- Scrooge seemed uneasy in his mind, and answered briefly Yes. This shows that Scrooge is remembering how much he loved his sister, and how badly he has been treating his nephew, Fred. Also then they go to Scrooges old bosss Christmas party, his old boss Mr. Fezziwig invites everyone round, stops all work, treats Scrooge very well, he brought in a fiddler to play music, there is lots of food drink, and everyone is happy jolly. Then suddenly Scrooge says:- I should like to be able to say a word or two to my clerk just now. This shows Scrooge starting to think of other people, and how badly he treated Bob Crachet. After that suddenly Scrooge breaks up with Belle(Scrooges girl friend), Belle says:- But if you were free today, tomorrow, yesterday can even I believe that you would choose a dowerless girl. This shows that Belle is letting Scrooge go, because he will not get a dowery, a dowery is when the father of the bride gives the husband money to take her away. Also a few years later, Belle had a child with someone:- He thought that such another creature, quite as graceful and as full of promise, might have called him father. This shows that Scrooge regrets breaking up with Belle, and wants he to be her husband, and the childs father, so Scrooge is very jealous. In this paragraph I am going to analyse the character of Tiny Tim and why he is significant. When Tiny Tim enters he is described as:- Alas for Tiny Tim, he bore a little wooden crutch, and had his limbs supported by an iron frame. This shows that Tiny Tim is disabled and cant look after himself. Dickens made Tiny Tim a child because people feel more sympathy towards children. Plus Tiny Tim represents all the poor people and children who need help around the world. Tiny Tim is Bob Crachets son, later Bob talks about his son to his wife, he says:- He hoped the people saw him in the church, because he was a cripple. This shows that Tiny Tim wants people to remember Jesus at Christmas through him. Tiny Tim makes Scrooge change by making him realise how poor him and his family are. But the Crachet family are not greedy though; Nobody said or thought it was a small pudding for a large family. This shows that the Crachet family were very grateful for what they had. Tiny Tim also likes to says:- God bless us everyone. This shows Tiny Tim is thinking of others a lot of the time. Near the end of the chapter, Scrooge and the spirit are talking about Tiny Tim:- What then? If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. This shows the spirit is using Scrooges own words back at him when he was talking to the charity workers. Tiny Tim helps Scrooge to change by making him realise how badly he has been treating Bob Crachet, and that if Scrooge does not pay his clerk more salary then Tiny Tim will die, because the Crachet family need the money for more food and medicine. Scrooges nephews views about social responsibility are very different from Scrooges, because Fred does not only care about himself and his money, he cares of others and helping others:- And therefore uncle, though it has never put a scrap of gold or silver in my pocket, I believe that it has done me good.

Definition and Examples of Doxa in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Doxa in Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, the Greek term doxa refers to the domain of opinion, belief, or probable knowledge- in contrast to episteme, the domain of certainty or true knowledge. in Martin and Ringhams  Key Terms in Semiotics  (2006), doxa  is defined as public opinion, majority prejudice, middle-class consensus. It is linked to the concept of doxology, to everything that is seemingly self-evident in terms of opinion, or conventional practice and habit. In England, for example, talk of the genius of Shakespeare is part of the doxa, as is a meal of fish and chips or a game of cricket. Etymology:  From the Greek, opinion What is Doxa? [T]he condemnation of rhetoric as trafficking in opinions about justice has dogged the art ever since Plato wrote Gorgias. . . . The Sophists in Gorgias hold that rhetoric creates truth that is useful for the moment out of doxa, or the opinions of the people, through the process of argument and counterargument. Socrates will have no part of this sort of truth which, nevertheless, is essential to a democracy.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2005) Two Meanings in Contemporary Rhetoric In contemporary rhetorical theory, we can distinguish two meanings of the classical term doxa. The first is more faithful to the classical heritage; it therefore stems from an epistemic perspective grounded in the contrast between certainty and probability. The second unfolds along a social and cultural dimension and is concerned with sets of beliefs widely espoused by popular audiences. These two meanings do not necessarily represent a shift from classical to modern theory. Aristotle distinguished doxa as opinion, from episteme as certainty. But in listing various beliefs with a high degree of probability- such as revenge being sweet, or rare objects as more valuable than those that exist in abundance- he also identified specific cultural, social (or what we call ideological) assumptions based on which the premise of an argument can be seen as plausible and be agreed upon by the members of a particular community.(Andreea Deciu Ritivoi, Paul Ricoeur: Tradition and Innovation in Rheto rical Theory. SUNY Press, 2006) Rational Doxa In The Republic, . . . Socrates says, Even the best of opinions are blind (Republic 506c). . . . One can never be the master of ones own doxa. As long as one lives in the domain of doxa, one is enslaved to the prevailing opinions of his social world. In the Theaetetus, this negative meaning of doxa is replaced by a positive one. In its new meaning, the word doxa can no longer be translated as belief or opinion. It is not something passively received from someone else, but rather actively made by the agent. This active notion of doxa is given by Socrates description of it as the souls dialogue with itself, asking itself questions and answering, affirming and denying, and finally making a decision (Theaetetus 190a). And the decision can be rational if the souls conversation is rational.This is the theory of rational doxa, the doxa plus logos . . ..(T. K. Seung, Plato Rediscovered: Human Value and Social Order. Rowman Littlefield, 1996)

A Letter From Eight White Clergymen and Letter from M. L. King, Jr Essay

A Letter From Eight White Clergymen and Letter from M. L. King, Jr - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the exigence defines what prompted the authors to write the letters in the first place. For A Call for Unity written by the eight white clergymen, the exigence was the series of demonstrations held by Negro citizens that were allegedly led and directed by outsiders. In the case of King’s letter, the exigence was the need to respond to the clergymen’s contentions that as the outsider being mentioned, his actions were deemed unwise and untimely. This paper illustrates that the audiences were supposedly the local community and readers of the Birmingham, Alabama newspaper since the first letter were sent to its editor. However, one could surmise that the letter was, in fact, directed to King, as the noted leader of the civil rights movement, in behalf of the Negro community. King’s letter was directed to the clergymen, as most of his arguments addressed the clergymen’s position. The researcher states that the mo st obvious constraint was on the part of King who was incarcerated in the Birmingham jail during the time that he responded to the clergymen’s allegations. On the part of the clergymen’s letter, the constraints are their maintaining a conservative stance to use the most appropriate language so as not to project any biases to both white and Negro citizenry. The basic issue presented by the clergymen was the appeal for law, order and common sense in addressing the dilemma on racism. The basis position was for any resentment on alleged discriminations and racial slur should be filed in the proper court of law where legal proceedings and verdict should be respected and accepted. The clergymen contended that the series of demonstrations by Negro citizens were actually led and directed by outsiders, whose actions were deemed unwise and untimely. Finally, the letter highlighted the call for restraint, â€Å"for law enforcement officials to remain calm and to continue to prot ect our city from violence† (Carpenter, et al. 182). On the other hand, King’s basic issued focused on responding to the clergymen’s assertion that his leading the Negro citizens into demonstrations were unwise and untimely. King addressed this argument by initially proving that he was not an outsider; but that he was invited to address the injustices in Birmingham. Further, his letter addressed the clergymen’s position regarding his unwise action towards demonstration; revealed that action was necessary because promises by merchants were broken and that the need for direct-action versus negotiation was favored due to the community’s stance of refusal to negotiate. In terms of responding to the untimely issues, King expounded on concerns such as: the new administration must be prodded and that the Negro citizens have already waited for 340 years (King 186). Analysis The letter of the clergymen was more direct and concise containing only seven paragr aphs. King’s response was comprehensively detailed and lengthy encompassing 50 paragraphs and 14 pages. King was clear in addressing the issues of the clergymen indicating his actions as the leader of the demonstrations as unwise and untimely. He warrants that the non-violent actions were the most appropriate means to address the racial discrimination in Birmingham and their actions could not be considered unwise because a rational four step process was applied: â€Å"collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action† (King 184). The issue of untimeliness was responded to by King as he emphasized the need to prod the new administration to create some tension and lead them to act. Further, he argued that the Negro citizens have waited for too long for more than 340 years and could therefore not be considered that no time was spent to reflect and think of the course of action. King warrants that the present l aws were actually unjust

Case Study Anylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study Anylsis - Essay Example Strengths: Burberry had strong and effective management team. Effective licensing growth of the company delivered huge incremental return on its capital investment. The brand had been offering heritage product to its premium customers. The company was very flexible in terms of product sourcing. And it had cost effective exposure of lower transactional. Weakness: Limited vertical integration minimised the manufacturing margin and value. Low influence in Japanese upside Its Brand extension in apparel segment has increased high risk in fashion industry. Answer 2. Burberry had the market position in between top brands like Giorgio Armani and Polo Ralph Lauren in apparel and between Gucci and coach in accessories. The decision of Bravo to reposition the brand is to get the attraction of the younger customers towards the brand while getting Burberry’s customer base. The goal was to become top brand in the luxury greats. Bravo did not want to cutting edge the classical fashion trend of Burberry but it aimed to be popular in the new generation by reengineering the brand position in the market. Answer 3. Bravo and the effective team decided to reduce the dated product designed which created a huge unsold stock. It hired new efficient team for redesigning the product according to the trend of young generation and their choices so that the brand will be popular to this demographic segment of market. Lastly Burberry came up with new image of new designed product line. Teenager is so much different from someone else’s lifestyle that lives in the English countryside, just as the lifestyle of a banker is very different from the lifestyle of a fusionist. So unless we have a strong vision and speak with a consistent voice, we run the risk of losing our brand credibility. Answer 4. In 2002, the company was having 3126 wholesale clients in the world which consist of 434 medium and large departmental stores and 2728 company owned outlets. The company opened more 132 small stores in Barcelona, New York and London. It has a large number of existing customer base who are maximum classical and traditional choice of people who actually previously used to buy the old designed product of Burberry. By 2003, Burberry items, both legitimate and counterfeit, had become increasingly popular among urban youth and hip-hop musicians. A member of the house in the reality TV series Big Brother had worn Burberry constantly. Although this brand affiliation was viewed a positive sign that Burberry had achieved inspirational status among youth, there was a concern that this affiliation could eventually alienate Burberry's core customers. Answer 5. In keeping with the brand’s rough weather heritage, the women swear line traditionally focused on the autumn/winter season; however, it had evolved in recent years to include apparel for warmer climates. The spring/summer 2000 collection had even featured Burberry check bikinis, which had proven to be enormously po pular. The company offered 330 to 350 styles per season, and the collection had been updated to include a wider assortment of fashion-influenced apparel. The accessories collection included â€Å"soft† accessories such as scarves, shawls, and ties, as well as â€Å"hard† accessories such as handbags, small leather goods (belts and wallets), women’s shoes, luggage, umbrellas, eyewear, and timepieces. As Pamela Harper, head of accessories, explained, â€Å"Accessories are a piece of the dream†; their wide range of price points made them an accessible entry point for